Paper Good Governance(makalah Good Governance)

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
The realization of good governance (good governance) is key to the success of the nation in overcoming various problems and challenges faced. It required the state officials who have the capacity to implement the values ​​and principles of good governance is.
The concept of governance began to develop in the early 1990s was marked by the perspective (point of view) are new to the role of government (government) in running the system of government. This view arose because of government's role considered to be too big and too powerful, so people do not have the flexibility and room to grow (Basuki and Inter Press Service, 2006:8). The government has found it to be an institution that most know and understand what is desired by society, so many policies are made without prior notice to the public discourse, or without feeling the need to hear the aspirations of the community. This ultimately makes the policy is top down and people can only live to accept it, act like this would make support for the government of the community decreased.
The term governance in English means "the act, fact, manner of governing", which means it is a process activity. In Sedarmayanti Kooiman (2004:2) argues that governance is "... a series of social and political interaction process between the government and society in various fields related to public interests and government intervention on those interests." Basically, the term governance is not just a means of governance as an activity, but also refers to the meaning of management, direction, management, and coaching organization. And based from what is disclosed by Kooiman above, it is understood that community involvement in the governance system is the spirit contained in the concept of good governance.
B. Issues
Based on the description above, this paper will specifically address the issue:
1. How is the Government's policy to realize good governance preformance
2. How do the people's role in achieving good governance, and
3. Barriers to achieving good governance.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Achieve Good Governance
Embodiment of good governance (good governance), which principally target was the realization of governance: professional, legal berkepastian, transparent, accountable, credible, clean and free of corruption; sensitive and responsive to all interests and aspirations based on ethics, spirit of service, and public accountability, and, integrity, dedication in the struggle of a mission to realize the ideals and objectives of state (Mustopadidjaja, 2003: 261).
One of the actualization of the values ​​and principles "GG" is transparency. Apparatus and public management system must develop a system of openness and accountability. Be open and accountable to encourage the leaders and the entire human resources in it play a role in the practice and instituting codes of conduct in question, so as to make themselves as a community role model, and was conducted as part of the implementation of responsibility and accountability to the community and country. Efforts to empower communities and businesses, improved and partnerships, in addition to: require disclosure of government bureaucracy; also requires that decisive steps in reducing regulations and procedures that inhibit their creativity; offered an opportunity for people to be able to participate in the process of regulatory policy, implementation , and construction supervision. Empowerment and openness would be more encouraging; accountability in the utilization of resources, and the decisions of development are actually directed according to priorities and needs of the community, as well as real and fair elections conducted according to the aspirations and interests of the community.
Good governance is an effort to change the character of the government not to work alone without regard to the interests or aspirations. In the system of governance to implement good governance, the public no longer viewed as an object, but viewed as subjects who helped color the programs and policies of government. System of government that makes society as the subject only in a democratic system of government. Thus the principles embodied in good governance will only grow on the government to deploy the system of democracy. And basically, the goal of good governance which is actually promote the establishment of democracy through the reforms, especially in the areas of government. Thus, the correlation between good governance with democracy is the ideal partner to realize prosperity in society, both are interrelated and inseparable.
B. Role of the People in Making Good Governance
Civil Society as a paradigm and an alternative approach to reconstruct the system of state administration and nation-building, determining the faith, devotion, and keseimbangkan position and role of government and society, as well as consistency in realizing the values ​​and principles of civil society, including law enforcement, the application of principles and joint- joint sovereignty of the people in the organization of the state, respect for opposition and dissent, and uphold human rights and the rights of citizens in all walks of life of the society, nation and the state. Within this context, good governance as a system of organization and management of government, is expected to appear with simple organizational structure of governance, appropriate policy agenda, a clear institutional division of tasks, the authority of a balanced, professional personnel, efficient public pelayanaan procedures, institutional oversight steady, and a strict system of accountability. While the management of government should be able to systematically develop and apply the values ​​and principles of good governance, and have the vision, mission, strategy, and appropriate policies in the face of the nation's problems.
In this case, "HR in the organization of government", both career bureaucrats would also political appointees, is expected to animate his role in carrying out "the mission of the national struggle", and able to perform their duties as public servants and civil servants responsible, wise, effective, efficient, fair, and polite, both in providing services to people directly, and in "management policies" in the face of the nation's problems and in the struggle to realize the ideals and objectives of the nation state. Accordingly, every citizen and community members are expected to be more aware of the rights, obligations and responsibilities in the life of the nation, in the struggle to realize the ideals and common goals in the state.
C. Obstructing Achieve Good Governance
In our country people are always obsessed to the implementation of good governance, namely government penyelanggaraan effektive governance, efficient, transparent, accountable and responsible. Effective implementation of targeted means in accordance with established strategic planning, efficient implementation is done saving arrtinya efficient and effective, transparent means any policy pursued by the organizers of the country is open all people can do the direct supervision so that the results achieved so everyone can provide an assessment of its performance, accountable government means that organizers are responsible for the policies set forth, and accountable to all citizens at its performance every year ahir governance. In my opinion most of all the factors can not be implemented by public sector officials in terms of performance effectivitas can be seen buildings made much neglected in the sense that it can not be used, because it is not yet the time needed while the agency had designed it because the budget already approved by the legislative. Road rehabilitation is done every year since the results of rehabilitation and even then it only has the highest durability of 4 months this shows the quality of the physical building is inadequate, whether because of limited funds, or indeed bestek made not as it should be. But if it means a waste of limited funds is a waste of money that is not useful. From financial accounting glasses technically there were three main issues which led to good governance is still far from reality. First, the absence of a reliable accounting systems needed to support the implementation of the recording and reporting, led to weak internal control in local government. Second, the limited personnel in areas of educational background in accounting, while also slightly qualified accounting graduates who are interested to develop the profession in the administration area because of the low compensation offered to them. Third, the absence of public sector standards of financial accounting standard, it is important for making reference to the financial statements as a control mechanism. Process transparency is still difficult to implement due to financial accountability in by naked eye can not be displayed, the amount of liability that is engineered due to fictitious expenses and is certainly difficult for public officials to account for more transparency. Therefore the Government in the accountability report is full of trick-trick of engineering remain on how the public diplomacy officer with members of the legislature or how they negotiate. Tax mafia case highlights the Council of Representatives to use the right of inquiry suggests the inability of public officials to perform duties in the field of taxation transparency and accountability to the public. Centuri bank case that resulted in losses to the state until now has not been completed, so the dream to realize a clean government not being achieved, how the government will be authoritative. Social sector is a record for us the blasphemy that occurred recently, as well as the occurrence of an anarchic actions resulting from defamation of religions, including even this government to realize how difficult governance good governance. The number of cases of encroachment of land by the developer through the permit issued by public officials without considering the people's rights which should be well spread on human rights violations. Conversely too much happening annexation of land and encroachment of land by the people who actually due to weak supervision and enforcement by the relevant public officials.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
In order to achieve Good Governance and Civil Society have to touch the pillars supporting the overall and substantially covers the element of "organization, management, and human resources" that are based and focused on values ​​and principles of Civil Society and Good Governance. In respect of the state and development of our nation, it is a manifestation of the spiritual dimensions that must be practiced consistently in the administration of state and nation-building by both the state apparatus would any nation's citizens.
            Values ​​and principles of Good Governance and Civil Society should be committed and attached to each individual and the institution according to position and their respective roles in the life of the state. In the development of bureaucracy, the function of those values ​​is a code of conduct in attitude, thinking, and acting, both individually and institutionally. Without consensus, competence and commitment, Civil Society and Good Governance may not be realized as a system of state administration and nation building.
B. Suggestion

In order to realize good governance (good governance and clean) in addition to the award (reward) to the role of the community, the award GOI officials need to be given legal protection. With the system of giving awards to Pera as well as community and government officials in arapkan aka the increased motivation for achieving good governance (pemeriahan good and clean).


REFERENCES

Alijoyo, Anthony, et al. 2003. Corporate Governance Challenges and Opportunities for the Business Community Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Prenhallindo.
Basuki and Inter Press Service. 2006. Strengthening Good Governance-Based Governance. Malang: SPOD-FE UB.
Hanafi, Imam. 2001. Good Governance, Democracy and Justice Top Resources. Journal of Public Administration Vol. II, No.1. Malang: LPD FIA UB
Sedarmayanti. 2004. Good Governance, Good Governance, Part Two. Bandung: Mandar Maju.
Wijaya, Andy. 2007. Accountability of Local Governance Reform in an Era of Good Governance and Regional Autonomy. Journal of Public Administration Vol. VIII, No. 2. Malang: LPD FIA UB